Science and Research committee  Yes, I would emphasize that there is coordinated work within North America and South America, I would say, so throughout the Americas. There is research and evidence that highlights that the mortality of birds related to wind turbines is relatively small compared to windows, cats and other human anthropogenic activities.

Science and Research committee  Thank you for your questions. Collectively, over 100,000 Canadians contribute data to one or more citizen science surveys on birds. This includes broad participation by French-speaking citizen scientists in numerous projects on eBird and in the Québec Breeding Bird Atlas. Our department is working closely with partners to ensure that all these surveys have bilingual interfaces in Canada to support participation in both official languages.

Science and Research committee  Thank you. I echo your words, Shawn. I want to thank Mr. Cannings for his own long-term contribution to citizen science. In general, the monitoring performed by citizen scientists—specifically, the breeding bird survey we coordinated with the U.S. and Mexican governments for several decades—helps, once it is validated and curated, and it contributes to decision-making for conservation.

Science and Research committee  I'll note that ECCC is very familiar with this paper. In fact, it was the Canadian Wildlife Service analysis of data obtained from citizen science over the past half-century that was used in the paper published in 2019 in the highly respected international journal Science, which estimated the loss of about 30% of the total bird population in North America.

Science and Research committee  I think what is probably important to note is that we have about 100,000 Canadians who have contributed data to many of the citizen science surveys, and this could include many of the farmers in the context of monitoring birds. We use bird surveys because they're effective indicators of environmental health.