Science and Research committee  Just to maybe put a couple of numbers around that, CSIS has briefed more than 200 organizations and 1,000 individuals about possible threats, so it's a continuous engagement that's absolutely critical. We're also leveraging our expertise and our footprint in every region in the

Science and Research committee  Thank you very much for the question. I can perhaps start on the narrow...and then pass it to my Public Safety colleagues. One of the things we can certainly assure the committee of is that we use and will continue to use our investigative authorities when warranted and when al

Science and Research committee  There are a variety of mechanisms through which CSIS provides intelligence and information to the federal government, including elected officials. We work very closely together with our elected officials, as well as with other government departments, to ensure that information is

Science and Research committee  The information provided is included in decision-making and policy-making where appropriate, and it's very much on a case-by-case basis. It's difficult to generalize. For example, in the study before us, the intelligence and threat assessments that CSIS provides are but one inpu

Science and Research committee  I'd like to be very clear at the outset that any time classified information is provided illegally outside of the Government of Canada, that is a crime. In no way does that protect Canadian national security; it endangers Canadian national security. I think that's very important

Science and Research committee  CSIS has been working very closely with the government, as well as with our other government department colleagues, in ensuring that universities have the information they need to be aware of the threats and to be able to act upon them. One thing we've certainly realized is that

Science and Research committee  Thank you very much for the question. I think the answer, unfortunately, is “all of the above”. We see the PRC—and I would add other countries as well, including the Russian Federation—target research through legal, illegal and other unregulated means, the cyber-threats being pa

Science and Research committee  I think it's safe to say that the functioning assumption we have is that there are continual efforts by PRC institutions and individuals to try to insert themselves into our universities' research and projects. I'm certainly not able to provide information on any specifics, for

Science and Research committee  Again, I'm unable to provide any specific information. I know this is a hazard of working for CSIS, but we are constantly vigilant and providing advice on how to be vigilant to our university and academic colleagues.

Science and Research committee  There are always things we can learn. Certainly, we're a learning institution. As a government, we're a learning organization and constantly seeking to improve. They've learned from us in terms of the deep stakeholder engagement and the relations we have with universities, but w

Science and Research committee  In terms of the funding that Canadian universities are receiving, I want to stress that the role of CSIS is to analyze any research applications that are identified for national security review and that come to us. We then undertake a threat assessment based on our investigation

Science and Research committee  I'm not able to reply to any specifics.

Science and Research committee  One thing that is important to remember, Mr. Chair, is that the work we do on research security is not just linked to this NSERC alliance granting program, but it's also linked to our core activities regarding investigations and writing broader intelligence threat assessments. We

Science and Research committee  Thank you again for the question. I think one of the important things to be aware of is that the threat itself has changed. It's not only about the response. For example, this summer, PRC introduced two national security laws, which have fundamentally expanded the definition of

Science and Research committee  I'd like to pass this question to my Public Safety colleagues, if that's acceptable to you, Chair. They've done quite a bit of work in this space, but I'd be happy to answer any auxiliary questions.