Foreign Affairs committee  That's an immensely important question. We're in Parliament advocating for honorary citizenship for Vladimir, because we believe that would offer a life-saving protective cover. He has written from prison mentioning that.... As an aside, it shows the effectiveness of targeted sanctions.

Foreign Affairs committee  It's complementary. We believe that oftentimes it can be used to advance Canadian foreign policy goals. We referenced that earlier as a centre, and followed up on that in our written submissions. For example, in combatting arbitrary detentions, targeted sanctions on those directly responsible for engaging in acts of arbitrary detentions can help shift the calculus in hostage-taking.

Foreign Affairs committee  That's exactly what we envision, Ms. McPherson, and we elaborated upon it somewhat in our written submission. If you look at parallel jurisdictions, you see that there is a department with an interdepartmental responsibility for coordination, such as OFAC in the U.S., or the U.K.'

Foreign Affairs committee  Thank you for the question, Mr. Garon. That is an important point. The data that our centre has submitted to the committee is the result of the amendments made to the Special Economic Measures Act in the context of human rights and the fight against corruption. The Magnitsky Act has been used a little over 60 times.

Foreign Affairs committee  The extent of the flights is difficult to determine, but we can rely on the circumstances. As I mentioned to your colleague, most Canadian sanctions are unilateral. It is important to set standards and let those who do not respect human rights know that Canada will not let them continue to do so.

Foreign Affairs committee  Thank you, Mr. Hoback, for your kind words and important questions. If we look at Magnitsky multilateralization, it's the idea that with imposing sanctions, the asset freezes and visa bans should ideally be coordinated among multiple jurisdictions with parallel laws. If we sanction an individual in Canada and we are the only country to do so, they can easily make use of parallel banking systems—the very same amenities and rights that they seek to deny their compatriots at home—and enjoy those rights abroad.

Foreign Affairs committee  I'm sorry. If there's some time, would you mind repeating your second question?

Foreign Affairs committee  Thank you, Chairman Ehsassi. Honourable members, it's a pleasure and privilege to see so many friends and familiar faces. I bring warm regards from honourable Professor Irwin Cotler, who regrets he couldn't be with you today, but very much endorses the content of our centre's submission.