Public Safety committee  There are a number of recommendations, including those identified in my comments of the last date as well as in today's proceedings, in addition to those identified by Commissioner Dufresne. We have set out recommendations relating to the need for proportionality and reasonable

Public Safety committee  Thank you for the question. My apologies for responding in English. Our recommendations here intersect with the public policy implications of the legislation, as well as potential constitutional risks around the equity impacts or potential discrimination impacts of the legislati

Public Safety committee  Yes, of course. Special advocates are intended to enhance the fairness of a closed hearing process concerning secret evidence without compromising Canada's ability to safeguard security information. They protect fairness for the party that is excluded from the closed hearing, as

Public Safety committee  The breadth of the collection and sharing powers means that the list of hypotheticals with respect to critical infrastructure providers, as well as telecommunications providers, could be quite long. I'll provide one hypothetical example: There is the potential that the minister

Public Safety committee  Yes, that's a function of the absence of publicity requirements with respect to the orders themselves, as well as the absence of any notice obligation set out under Bill C-26. We've recommended in our brief that the constraints on secrecy must be defined and strictly curtailed t

Public Safety committee  Yes. In the situation where an individual or institution would seek to challenge the collection powers or orders under Bill C-26, there is a judicial review mechanism that's available. There are other complaint proceedings that are available in law outside of the scope of Bill C-

Public Safety committee  Thank you, Mr. Chair and members of the committee. As you know, I attended this committee last week in relation to this bill. I'm a senior researcher at the Citizen Lab, which is based at the Munk School of Global Affairs and Public Policy at U of T. I have submitted a written b