Environment committee  I think somebody asked a question earlier about whether there were good examples elsewhere. I think one example that may be worth looking at is the EU water framework directive, which tries to establish consistent methods for monitoring across multiple jurisdictions but also looks at top-down and bottom-up solutions to solving pollution.

Environment committee  Thank you for the question. Microplastic pollution is an emerging topic. We're still, I think, in a learning phase. I gave an example that much of the research to date has carried out sampling and analysis using different methods, which we can't really compare, so we really don't have a good understanding of the situation.

Environment committee  Thank you. Maybe I'll just follow up on the comment from the previous witness and say that to some extent I agree that we focus on end-of-pipeline solutions. We know that the answers are easy. We should really clean up the emission points. I would suggest that an agency should be able to.

Environment committee  Thank you for the question. I missed most of the question because of my earpiece, but I got the end of it, which I think related to whether Canada has put in the right policies or framework. I think Canada is working towards putting in the right policies and framework. There are good structures in place, but I think those structures can be improved, and there can be more common sense or joining of the dots between organizations.

Environment committee  Thanks very much. Good morning, Chair, and members of the standing committee. Thank you for the opportunity to speak today. As was already mentioned, I'm an associate professor in the school of environment at Trent University in Peterborough, Ontario. During the past three decades, my research has focused on assessing the impacts of air pollution on natural ecosystems, including fresh waters.