Industry committee  I think that's where we have to be prudent. Canada is a small market. If you impose a cost that is too prohibitive or rules that are very hard to clearly comply with, companies will just elect to not publish their models or give you access to it. Entropik is not in Canada. Tons of companies decide that they're just not going to give you the tools, and then suddenly your entire ecosystem, all your industries, can't benefit from the uplift in productivity.

Industry committee  It's definitely essential. You need only look at the numbers of the companies that build and produce these semiconductors. They're growing like weeds. It's as simple as that. It's reached the point where many new businesses—I don't want to name any single one over another—are making advances in artificial intelligence.

Industry committee  There are a multitude of aspects that come into play when you're going to evaluate. If you're going to, for instance, train one of these very large models, one that has access to data, there are currently certain issues around the copyright law that prevent companies from using text or images, whereas, in the U.S. or Japan, they can freely use them.

Industry committee  I will provide a list of recommendations from my perspective on this. I think there are lots of aspects that need improvement. Some are too broad and others are too harsh in terms of the consequences around certain actions. Personally, my perspective would be to keep working at it.

Industry committee  No.

Industry committee  I'd like to add that I'm very concerned about the content recommendation tools for social media, particularly for content recommended for children. I'm worried about the compulsive behaviour and dependence that these tools might engender. I'm very concerned about this as a parent.

Industry committee  I wouldn't think so. I think it would be hard.

Industry committee  I think these are good guideposts. An enormous amount of work was done by the international community to understand the issues. I think that many of the things I was reading about in Bill C‑27 and the amendments are valid, and I could identify which portions were intended to cover health or a specific aspect of biotechnology.

Industry committee  I agree on the fact that it's urgent to establish a base. You know things work with legislation and other such matters better than I do. I don't know how long it would take to start over from scratch, but I think it would be a lengthy process. I feel that an effort should be made to come up with a version that provides a solid foundation that applies to most instances and, most importantly, is specific.

Industry committee  The bad guys will just take their model to the country next door and make it available on the Internet. I understand wanting to have ways of stopping them and punishing them, but it's important not to try to achieve a perfect system or a perfect law that will avoid any risks or criticism.

Industry committee  I have a quick reaction here. The latest progress in science has demonstrated techniques where you could invest a significant amount of money in compute inference—that's not training—to be able to have models of a certain size perform like they were 10 times bigger. It's never that simple.

Industry committee  This bill seems to be on a tangent that is not unlike the one in Europe, by which I mean that there is an attempt being made to come up with legislation on artificial intelligence. However, in my address, I suggested that you think about the scope of this legislation and the effort required to get there.

Industry committee  —and our role in this, to share the work. For example, when people talk about self-driving cars, that's artificial intelligence. Smart cities, that's artificial intelligence. All these sectors need to look into the impact of artificial intelligence on privacy. there are cameras in cars and these vehicles involve risks; for example, how can you certify that a car is self-driving and completely automatic?

Industry committee  Thank you very much. I'm pleased to be here to testify as an individual. I'm a strategic advisor in artificial intelligence. I' ve spent my entire career using AI technology, which became available in the early 2000s. I worked in operational research, artificial intelligence, and applied mathematics.