Public Safety committee  Ultimately, under the Constitution, the courts look to an effective mechanism of accountability and review. In this case, it's hard to pinpoint one particular amendment when what the courts look for when protecting privacy is an interlocking system that enables effective review.

Public Safety committee  The amassing of data in any database brings with it attendant security risks. The extent of them I cannot comment on. I would indicate that your concerns are connected to amendments that we have raised in our brief regarding the handling of data. Right now, the information-sharing powers within the Canadian government that would be enabled by Bill C-26, if passed unamended, are extremely broad.

Public Safety committee  My clock is slower than yours. I had 20 seconds, but I will leave the remainder of my comments for questions.

Public Safety committee  Good afternoon. My name is Kate Robertson. I am a researcher at the Citizen Lab, which is based at the University of Toronto's Munk School. My comments today draw on the Citizen Lab's research on cybersecurity and telecommunications policy, data security, and transparency and accountability mechanisms that are applicable to the relationship between governments and telecommunications providers.