Public Safety committee  There are a number of countries that we can emulate based on some of their responses to various activities, being mindful that cyber is a global issue. While there are jurisdictions within individual countries, many of the corporations that are headquartered and operate out of Canada certainly are multinational, so I think it's great to be looking at additional countries.

Public Safety committee  Thank you for the question. To bring both of your questions together, wherein you were asking about the risk of not acting, in IBM we operate with, partner with and strategically advise over 1,700 organizations. Admittedly, they're not all in the direct scope of this, but they would be impacted through the passing of Bill C-26.

Public Safety committee  I hope that gives you a bit more perspective on that, so when we lean into the reporting time period, it equally speaks to the risk. One of the best things we do—

Public Safety committee  Thank you, Mr. McKinnon. I appreciate the question. There are a number of international standards that we would rely upon. If I dare say, I would look forward to and welcome the opportunity to share with you what those international standards are during a more working session. For this debate and this discussion right now, the points I would draw out are certainly the definitions, the response times and the punitive nature of the responses.

Public Safety committee  I'm sorry. Can you repeat the question, Mr. McKinnon?

Public Safety committee  Perhaps I can clarify that as well. My apologies if, during my opening statement, I indicated otherwise. Adherence isn't necessarily the encouragement that we would be offering. It's more that a number of aspects of Bill C-26 are much more far-reaching than established international standards for mature cybersecurity regimes, of our allies in particular.

Public Safety committee  That's a good way to put it.

Public Safety committee  Thank you. My name is Daina Proctor. I'm the Canadian cybersecurity executive with IBM Canada, and it's a pleasure to be with you today speaking on the topic of Bill C-26. There are three items that I would like to talk about with you today. The first one is clarifying the core definitions within Bill C-26.