Information & Ethics committee  I did, more or less, but I completely agree with others that trusting social media as a viable news source is what is causing the problem.

Information & Ethics committee  This is a serious question. A lot of people think that anything they see on social media is true and trustworthy. I think that educating them and saying that this is not a vetted, independent, neutral source is one of the solutions to this. Newspapers are edited. They are fact-checked.

Information & Ethics committee  I'm still collecting my thoughts. I apologize.

Information & Ethics committee  Aside from educating students in school, some aspects of the disinformation campaigns that I've alluded to would imply going into TikTok and other sources where people are getting disinformation and specifically countering it somehow through the same style of messaging, same style of videos, et cetera.

Information & Ethics committee  We know of some groups that do spread disinformation domestically. They are very likely linked to foreign actors, though.

Information & Ethics committee  I can look it up for you. I don't have names handy.

Information & Ethics committee  Given that there were leaks, whatever measures were put in place obviously weren't enough. I'm not privy to the details of what was implemented, but I trust that they did the best they could.

Information & Ethics committee  I know some of it, yes.

Information & Ethics committee  I'm not a politician. I'm a Canadian. I'm happy if any government is able to implement a solution to this, but our trust is being attacked. Our trust in the election process is being attacked. We need to somehow fix this.

Information & Ethics committee  In the world I foresee in the next couple of years, whatever disinformation content we've seen so far would become AI-generated and would escalate by a factor of 10 or 100, so the solution I foresee is something similar, using humans: Domain experts in whatever community would start to identify disinformation attacks and from that, within that one specific community, AI could be trained to detect such content.

Information & Ethics committee  We can infer the actor behind it, the government, based on the messaging, but sometimes Canadians themselves will be either tricked or paid to disseminate messages. An idea takes place in a conspiracy community, and they start parroting the same message, which is disinformation.

Information & Ethics committee  It's within that context, yes.

Information & Ethics committee  It has to be done within each community. If it is the members of Parliament, that would be one community. We would need experts who know what's going on, who would be able to start pointing to the initial disinformation.

Information & Ethics committee  Thank you. I was going to suggest a couple of positives for what we should be doing. Again, I do appreciate the time. My first suggestion would be to establish trust in journalistic sources, or somehow help establish trust. I think we're losing it. A lot of people are getting their news on social media.

Information & Ethics committee  I have lots to say, a lot more than the amount of time here, but there are a couple of main points. This has to be done with the help of AI. What we're seeing right now is just a preview. This is going to get significantly worse as the disinformation is going to be AI-generated.