Science and Research committee  Are we a leader in northern research? Certainly we have been. I think our experts, and again I'll come at it from an engineering and applied science context, have been sought after for many types of research projects. Our past expertise in oil and gas offshore research is now translating to offshore renewables, for example.

Science and Research committee  We need people. We need people doing that research. We need to enable our northerners to also be recognized as experts in their knowledge systems as well as a more kind of typical western science. We need to share the word about what we do. A lot of that is communication and global scientific diplomacy, and getting word out about the great research we are doing here.

Science and Research committee  At the moment, we do have DM and ADM working-level committees around the Arctic broadly. As I think I mentioned earlier, we have coordination around the various funding sources around Arctic and northern research, and we have a lot of coordination with our northern and indigenous partners, so it's coming together, but it is scattered.

Science and Research committee  I think we do have coordination. We have an Arctic and northern policy framework. It is not a strategy; however, it does outline our goals and objectives as a nation for Arctic and northern endeavours. There is a science goal within there. To my mind, we do have a rough plan. We need to expand on it.

Science and Research committee  I think there's quite strong collaboration across the north, and we see that also at a regional level. For example, we have a project where the Nunatsiavut Government has asked researchers to come together at one time for on-the-land sharing of the science that is happening. I think there is quite a lot of collaboration and coordination at that level.

Science and Research committee  Another example would be looking at waste water treatment technologies. As many people know, water and waste water are critical across the north and in many regions in Canada. In the past, NRC has worked to patent technology that could be used for waste water treatment technologies.

Science and Research committee  Certainly a lot of tools and technologies, if they're going to be applicable and useful in the Arctic for a very rural location, if you want to put it like that, will be beneficial elsewhere in our very large country, which has a lot of rural locations and environments. In addition, we have found in the past that working with some industries, they are very interested in partnering with northern corporations or northern communities to test their products in that environment.

Science and Research committee  Some of those costs could be, for example, in community consultations. Those could include honoraria for working with elders in communities and bringing communities together to help decide on research priorities and how to advance those. Even just intercity or inter-hamlet travel costs themselves are phenomenally more than for the same type of research in the south.

Science and Research committee  Pardon me?

Science and Research committee  I can't answer that question. I'm sorry.

Science and Research committee  There are a variety of things we've been looking at, including climate-resilient infrastructure and making sure that engineers and designers have the right data to have a better design life for buildings across Canada, not just in the north. Again, we've been looking at tools and technologies to support northern communities so that they have better homes, and homes that are better able to withstand changing climatic conditions.

Science and Research committee  You'd need to talk to all the housing corporations across the north, because they are responsible at a territorial level or an Inuit regional level for those constructions.

Science and Research committee  My understanding is yes.

Science and Research committee  Some of the more impactful research has been looking at things like heat recovery ventilators in homes, recognizing that in a southern landscape, these systems are certified, for example, to perform for so many days at -5°C. That's inadequate for the north, so we've been working very closely with manufacturers to install heat recovery ventilators in a northern context that will perform under the conditions that can be expected in that climate.

Science and Research committee  Yes. We're working right now with.... For all of our projects, we partner our industrial research assistance program individuals with these projects to look at tools and technologies that may come out of the research and could be moved over and brought to market.