Public Safety committee  I'm happy to jump in. I want to respectfully make very clear from the get-go that we're talking about the same communities. They are not differing needs. The communities you're referencing are the same ones that are vulnerable to many of the inadvertent issues impacting civil liberties that we've raised.

Public Safety committee  Thank you very much. This goes back to the question posed by MP Genuis. We would reiterate that it's very overbroad in application and, specifically, that the insertion of “international relations” into the Criminal Code leaves a lot to be asked. What are the implications of how that's going to impact, as mentioned earlier, dissidents coming from dictatorships, especially given that international relations are subject to change?

Public Safety committee  I'm happy to. With respect to political discrimination, this speaks a bit to part 4 and why we support the transparency of a registry that allows for the listing of everybody, every agent, who could potentially be undermining Canada's democracy or sovereignty, whether an ally or not.

Public Safety committee  I'm happy to answer this one. Just on a personal note, I want to say what an honour it is to testify alongside former justice Noël, whose decisions I read many times in law school, over and over. With respect to the IRPA, our primary concern is obviously the piece you identified about the minister deeming that something is injurious to Canada's international relations, precisely because, as you identified, it can be overly broad.

Public Safety committee  Thank you very much. Ahmed is indeed right that a number of provisions require further study. For example, under part 2, for section 20 of the Security of Information Act, SOIA, there is an amendment to add the language of intimidation: Every person commits an offence who, at the direction of, for the benefit of or in association with, a foreign entity or a terrorist group, induces or attempts to induce, by intimidation, threat or violence, any person to do anything or to cause anything to be done.