Evidence of meeting #62 for Fisheries and Oceans in the 44th Parliament, 1st Session. (The original version is on Parliament’s site, as are the minutes.) The winning word was products.

A recording is available from Parliament.

On the agenda

MPs speaking

Also speaking

Morley Knight  Former Assistant Deputy Minister, Fisheries Policy, Department of Fisheries and Oceans (Retired), As an Individual
Mélanie Lemire  Associate Professor, Université Laval, Collectif Manger notre Saint-Laurent
Colombe Saint-Pierre  Chef-Owner, Restaurant Chez Saint-Pierre, Collectif Manger notre Saint-Laurent
Bill Penney  Business Developer, Mi'kmaq Commercial Fisheries Inc.
Christopher Jones  Director, Halifax East Fisheries Association
Stéphanie Pieddesaux  Industrial researcher, Merinov
Kendall Flood  Chief Executive Officer, Ár n-oileán Resources Ltd.

4 p.m.

Former Assistant Deputy Minister, Fisheries Policy, Department of Fisheries and Oceans (Retired), As an Individual

Morley Knight

I understand that answer. DFO has the mandate for conservation of fish, shellfish and marine mammals. However, “healthy” is a subjective term. If we're talking about the crab stocks, I think we want them at the highest possible level so we can maximize the return.

The other mantra of DFO today is “ecosystem-based fisheries management”. We cannot have an ecosystem-based fisheries management if we have top predators in the ecosystem eating potentially up to 13 million tonnes of fish.

I think they have a mandate to keep the various species of seal at a healthy level, but not at a level that's causing very serious negative impact on other stocks.

4 p.m.

Liberal

Serge Cormier Liberal Acadie—Bathurst, NB

What is our option when it comes to lowering the seal population? If we do nothing, I think we all around this table know that it will damage other species. What would be your recommendation, if you have one to give us?

We have been talking about this issue for so many years, but it seems that it's never going to be solved, and I'm sorry to say that.

What is your recommendation? How do we solve this problem? Yes, a Canadian market will probably be something we can look at, and we are looking at it, but will it be enough to lower the seal population so that it doesn't have any impact on other species?

4 p.m.

Former Assistant Deputy Minister, Fisheries Policy, Department of Fisheries and Oceans (Retired), As an Individual

Morley Knight

I believe it's an opportunity that we're missing, but I don't believe in and of itself it will help us to solve the problem. It will help to reduce the numbers if we market seal products in Canada effectively, but the challenges of marketing seal products in Canada are nearly as great as they are in the rest of the world. We have to convince Canadians first, and then perhaps we can convince the rest of the world.

In my view, with the exception possibly of Quebec, the social acceptance of seal products or the investments in trying to market seal as food in an effective manner.... Including in my home province, very few people consume seal anymore.

We have to start at home, but I think the same information can be used to help convince the world.

4 p.m.

Liberal

The Chair Liberal Ken McDonald

Thank you, Mr. Cormier.

We will now go to Madame Desbiens for six minutes or less, please.

4 p.m.

Bloc

Caroline Desbiens Bloc Beauport—Côte-de-Beaupré—Île d’Orléans—Charlevoix, QC

Thank you, Mr. Chair.

I am very pleased to welcome our knowledgeable witnesses this afternoon. I'm particularly delighted to welcome friends from Quebec, and to pass on greetings from the leader of the Bloc Québecois.

Ms. St.-Pierre, I'm pleased to be meeting you for the first time, although I have previously heard you and your colleagues speak. As a former restaurant chef myself, I once have had the unfortunate experience of opening a box of cod fillets, which I had been told came from Canada, from Quebec in fact, only to experience disappointment when I realized it was cod from Russia.

I therefore fully understand your enthusiasm for dining on food from the St. Lawrence. How are you going to deal with the shortage of seal products, when you've been telling us that the demand appears to be there?

4 p.m.

Chef-Owner, Restaurant Chez Saint-Pierre, Collectif Manger notre Saint-Laurent

Colombe Saint-Pierre

It's true that it can be rather difficult to gain access to most of our products, even those that are heavily fished, like crab, lobster or shrimp. Seals are of course among these products, but are rarely hunted. Crab and lobster are fished heavily, but unfortunately, much of it is exported.

These are among the things the Mange ton Saint-Laurent! collective has been wondering about. We are asking ourselves whether Canada will ever be able to boast that is it is self-sufficient in food. I believe that would be a special moment for Canadians because we've seen the dangers of depending on other markets and other products.

There are a number of problems in gaining access to products. If we're talking about seals, then the hunt will have to be expanded. Right now…

4:05 p.m.

Bloc

Caroline Desbiens Bloc Beauport—Côte-de-Beaupré—Île d’Orléans—Charlevoix, QC

Would that require training new hunters? Could recreational hunting be one way of regaining part of the market?

4:05 p.m.

Chef-Owner, Restaurant Chez Saint-Pierre, Collectif Manger notre Saint-Laurent

Colombe Saint-Pierre

Yes it could. With seal, you have to get over the negative biases and properly train new seal hunters. The meat would then have to be processed to preserve it. That means having processing facilities for the meat, which is safe when processed properly. A distribution network would also be needed, and that's often a problem for our products. So there are access-related difficulties.

Not only that, but access means more than just product distribution and availability. There is also the matter of prices. We became very vulnerable because of the rising prices of crab last year. It became difficult even for us to get access to the resource, because the major markets had set prices beyond our capacity to pay for it. So it's true that there are many challenges.

4:05 p.m.

Bloc

Caroline Desbiens Bloc Beauport—Côte-de-Beaupré—Île d’Orléans—Charlevoix, QC

Nutritional quality is another aspect that justifies consumption. I know that in Quebec, the demand is there and restaurants are prepared to get on side. Insofar as we want more food self-sufficiency and diversity, what's missing that would give us access to an adequate amount of seal meat to meet demand and convince a percentage of the population of its nutritional quality?

Perhaps your colleague, who works more on the scientific side of things, could answer this question.

4:05 p.m.

Associate Professor, Université Laval, Collectif Manger notre Saint-Laurent

Dr. Mélanie Lemire

On the issue of quality, I suggest that you read an article for the general public published in the online journal The Conversation about a study conducted by various scientists that demonstrated the nutritional quality of seal. There are sometimes contaminants, but at a much lower level than is found in the meat of bluefin tuna, for example, which is higher up in the food chain. Seal needs to be seen in the context of a diversified diet. The idea is to consume local products rather than something like a takeout or frozen pizza. Seal, the meat of which is rich in iron, offers all kinds of opportunities.

As for access, before coming to speak to you today, I called my colleagues in the Magdalen Islands to hear what they had to say about the challenges. I would suggest that you invite Mr Réjean Vigneau, an experienced seal hunter and the owner of the only seal abattoir that processes wild meat. He is having trouble getting access to the resource. I can tell you what he told me, if you…

4:05 p.m.

Bloc

Caroline Desbiens Bloc Beauport—Côte-de-Beaupré—Île d’Orléans—Charlevoix, QC

My speaking time is limited, but we'll try to invite him to the committee.

4:05 p.m.

Associate Professor, Université Laval, Collectif Manger notre Saint-Laurent

Dr. Mélanie Lemire

Mr Vigneau could tell you about the challenges he has been encountering, not only in terms of hunting, but also slaughtering, and which limit the amount of seal meat that can be distributed in the network, at least in the Quebec network.

4:05 p.m.

Bloc

Caroline Desbiens Bloc Beauport—Côte-de-Beaupré—Île d’Orléans—Charlevoix, QC

Training is also required.

4:05 p.m.

Associate Professor, Université Laval, Collectif Manger notre Saint-Laurent

Dr. Mélanie Lemire

There are no doubt structural measures that could be introduced to make these products more available in the relatively near future.

4:05 p.m.

Bloc

Caroline Desbiens Bloc Beauport—Côte-de-Beaupré—Île d’Orléans—Charlevoix, QC

Thank you very much.

4:05 p.m.

Liberal

The Chair Liberal Ken McDonald

Thank you, Madame Desbiens.

We'll now go to Ms. Barron for six minutes or less.

Go ahead, please.

April 20th, 2023 / 4:05 p.m.

NDP

Lisa Marie Barron NDP Nanaimo—Ladysmith, BC

Thank you, Chair. Thank you to the witnesses for being here today.

My first question is for Mr. Penney.

Mr. Penney, thank you for sharing the information you did and for the clear recommendations. They were very helpful and informative for me. We are seeing some themes among the things people are saying, and I want to see if you could expand a little bit.

You spoke about the lack of access to customers and the importance of economic reconciliation, which I think is a really important point for us to consider as we go through this study. I wonder if you can share a little bit more around what you, as a representative of Mi'kmaq Commercial Fisheries, are hearing around the importance of not only the science but also the socio-economic impacts of the current state of sustainable seal harvesting on Canadians and indigenous people.

4:10 p.m.

Business Developer, Mi'kmaq Commercial Fisheries Inc.

Bill Penney

Thank you for your question.

I speak to customers day in and day out throughout all of Canada and in Asia. When I'm not speaking to customers, I'm thinking about speaking to customers.

I need to go back to one point, because it's sticking in my head. It's about marketing to Canadians. This ties back to the perception and the social licence around sealing. As I stated, I'm chair of Canadian Seal Products. Through Canadian Seal Products, in April of 2020 we used Abacus Data to do a national survey of Canadians to look at opinions with regard to the sealing industry. With the funding we had through the CFSOF program, the Canadian fish and seafood opportunities fund, we spent a year building marketing materials, and then we spent about six months marketing this to specific target markets in Montreal as an urban centre and in Toronto as another urban centre. With the budget we had, we had to really streamline and be very targeted on who we were messaging. About six months later, we did another survey, so we had two data sources to compare.

We saw a growth of 6% in the number of Canadians.... We moved from 23% of Canadians who were open to buying seal products to 29% of Canadians who were open to buying seal products just by explaining to them the sustainability of seals and the humane harvesting of seals, and also by focusing on the benefits of the actual products, whether it's fur, meat or oil.

With regard to the indigenous aspect, the EU has a ban on seal products, but they have an indigenous exemption. However, in order to access that exemption, we have to become a recognized body to the EU. The cost of doing that is incredible.

With regard to the social licence, obviously we need to make sure that the indigenous are at the front of this because, at the end of the day, this is culturally important to them. The sharing of the goodness that seals can bring to people is incredibly important. As for the products themselves, there's nothing like it in the market. When I have a product that is completely different from any product that exists in the world, it really gets the salesperson in me revved up to be able to speak to as many customers as I can.

The main issue that comes back from customers is not the fear of the product or sustainability; it's the fear of the animal rights groups. Again, some of the responses I've had historically include whether Canadians support this product. After two years of marketing and building marketing materials that focus on experts.... We originally started by trying to justify the harvest, but we realized that was not having the impact we wanted.

When it comes to creating and having—I'm trying to think of the word here—protocols or management items in place to make sure things are being done properly and humanely, we as Canadians look at it in terms of knowing we're going to follow them. We always go over and above what the recommendations are to make sure we have a sustainable and humane harvest. This is one of the messages we got back.

If we can grow the Canadian market, that's great, but we do need to get market access to countries where it's currently banned. The United States has a ban under the Marine Mammal Protection Act. It's hard.

In regard to pet food companies, we can't get certain seal meat-based pet products made because they also have customers in the U.S., which means they can't have any seal in their value chain.

I don't know if that answered your question, but for some of the stuff that was going on before, I needed to get it out. I think it's important to know that the more we educate Canadians, the more we're going to be able to make seals a Canadian product.

4:15 p.m.

NDP

Lisa Marie Barron NDP Nanaimo—Ladysmith, BC

Thank you so much.

Normally I would have cut you off and gone to the next person, but you were providing such helpful information for us to be able to provide clear recommendations to the government moving forward.

My time is up, so I want to say thank you to Mr. Penney and all the other witnesses. Hopefully I will get a couple more questions in the next round.

4:15 p.m.

Liberal

The Chair Liberal Ken McDonald

Thank you, Ms. Barron.

We'll now go to Mr. Calkins—welcome back to FOPO—for five minutes or less, please.

4:15 p.m.

Conservative

Blaine Calkins Conservative Red Deer—Lacombe, AB

Thank you, Mr. Chair.

I think I'm going to be up a couple of times. I don't know why I don't just go on a five-minute rant, but I'm not going to do that. The witnesses who are here today are exceptional, and you've all heard my rants before on this.

Mr. Knight, it's a pleasure to have you here at the committee.

I want to ask you a couple of questions. You obviously have a career's worth of experience at the Department of Fisheries and Oceans.

Are the marine mammal protection regulations in Canada a barrier to or an enabler of ecosystem-based management, in your opinion?

4:15 p.m.

Former Assistant Deputy Minister, Fisheries Policy, Department of Fisheries and Oceans (Retired), As an Individual

Morley Knight

Can you repeat the tail end of your question? Is it a barrier or...?

4:15 p.m.

Conservative

Blaine Calkins Conservative Red Deer—Lacombe, AB

You talked about ecosystem-based management.

4:15 p.m.

Former Assistant Deputy Minister, Fisheries Policy, Department of Fisheries and Oceans (Retired), As an Individual

4:15 p.m.

Conservative

Blaine Calkins Conservative Red Deer—Lacombe, AB

I'm asking you specifically if marine mammal protection regulations are an enabler or a barrier to ecosystem management, in your opinion?