There are two parts to your question: the first is operating and the second is capital.
In terms of operating, generally speaking across Canada, the fare recovery tends to be 50%. Some are better and some are worse. Toronto's TTC actually has one of the best cost-recovery rates in all of North America. I believe they're in the high 80% range, but that's unusual. Most are at 50% or below.
That's on the operating side. The second part has to do with capital, and virtually no transit lines recover their capital costs. So to the extent that transit lines get built, whether they get built with federal funding, provincial funding, or municipal funding, they entail large public subsidies.
If you can recover more than 50% of your operating costs, you tend to be doing well.