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Cost of Living Relief Act, No. 2 (Targeted Support for Households)

An Act respecting cost of living relief measures related to dental care and rental housing

This bill is from the 44th Parliament, 1st session, which ended in January 2025.

Sponsor

Jean-Yves Duclos  Liberal

Status

This bill has received Royal Assent and is now law.

Summary

This is from the published bill. The Library of Parliament has also written a full legislative summary of the bill.

Part 1 enacts the Dental Benefit Act , which provides for the establishment of an application-based interim dental benefit. The benefit provides interim direct financial support for parents for dental care services received by their children under 12 years of age in the period starting in October 2022 and ending in June 2024.
Part 2 enacts the Rental Housing Benefit Act , which provides for the establishment of a one-time rental housing benefit for eligible persons who have paid rent in 2022 for their principal residence and who apply for the benefit.
Finally, Part 3 makes related amendments to the Income Tax Act , the Excise Tax Act and the Excise Act, 2001 .

Elsewhere

All sorts of information on this bill is available at LEGISinfo, an excellent resource from Parliament. You can also read the full text of the bill.

Bill numbers are reused for different bills each new session. Perhaps you were looking for one of these other C-31s:

C-31 (2021) Reducing Barriers to Reintegration Act
C-31 (2016) Law Canada-Ukraine Free Trade Agreement Implementation Act
C-31 (2014) Law Economic Action Plan 2014 Act, No. 1
C-31 (2012) Law Protecting Canada's Immigration System Act

Votes

Oct. 27, 2022 Passed 3rd reading and adoption of Bill C-31, An Act respecting cost of living relief measures related to dental care and rental housing
Oct. 27, 2022 Passed Concurrence at report stage of Bill C-31, An Act respecting cost of living relief measures related to dental care and rental housing
Oct. 27, 2022 Passed Bill C-31, An Act respecting cost of living relief measures related to dental care and rental housing (report stage amendment)
Oct. 27, 2022 Passed Bill C-31, An Act respecting cost of living relief measures related to dental care and rental housing (report stage amendment)
Oct. 19, 2022 Passed 2nd reading of Bill C-31, An Act respecting cost of living relief measures related to dental care and rental housing
Oct. 19, 2022 Failed 2nd reading of Bill C-31, An Act respecting cost of living relief measures related to dental care and rental housing (reasoned amendment)

Debate Summary

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This is a computer-generated summary of the speeches below. Usually it’s accurate, but every now and then it’ll contain inaccuracies or total fabrications.

Bill C-31 aims to alleviate the cost of living for eligible Canadians through two main measures: a tax-free dental benefit of up to $650 per year for children under 12 in low- to middle-income families without private dental insurance and a one-time $500 payment to low-income renters who spend a significant portion of their income on rent. The dental benefit is intended as an interim measure while a comprehensive national dental care program is developed, and the rental benefit aims to provide immediate relief to struggling renters. The bill proposes to use the Canada Revenue Agency to administer the benefits.

Liberal

  • Supports dental benefit: The Liberal party supports the bill, which proposes a Canadian dental benefit to help families who are having difficulty paying for dental care for their children. The introduction of this benefit is viewed as the first step toward a comprehensive, long-term national dental care program.
  • Rent relief: The bill provides a one-time top-up to the Canada housing benefit, consisting of a single payment of $500 to approximately 1.8 million renters who are struggling to pay their rent. This federal allowance will be available to Canadians with adjusted net incomes of less than $35,000 for families, or $20,000 for individuals, and who pay at least 30% of their income on housing.
  • Addresses affordability: The Liberal speakers stated that the bill addresses the rising cost of living, particularly through higher food prices and rent. They argue that it will help families weather the impact of higher costs by putting more money back in the pockets of the middle class and those who are working hard to join it.
  • Provinces and territories: While this interim program is in place, the Government of Canada will take the necessary steps to build a comprehensive, longer-term dental care program. That includes engaging with key stakeholders, including the provinces and territories, indigenous organizations, dental associations and industry to help inform the approach to implementing a long-term Canadian dental care program.

Conservative

  • Against Bill C-31: The Conservative party is against Bill C-31, arguing that the proposed measures are insufficient to address the root causes of the cost-of-living crisis faced by Canadians. The Conservatives believe the bill fails to provide meaningful relief and could exacerbate inflation due to increased government spending.
  • Focus on fiscal responsibility: Conservatives advocate for fiscal responsibility, calling for controlled government spending and balanced budgets. They suggest measures like implementing a "pay as you go" system, identifying savings for every new expenditure, and avoiding further tax increases to alleviate the financial burden on Canadians.
  • Prioritize essential needs: The Conservatives emphasize the importance of prioritizing essential needs such as housing, food, and energy. They propose increasing domestic production, reducing reliance on foreign imports, and removing barriers to facilitate the growth of key sectors like agriculture and energy.
  • Support for tax cuts: The Conservatives strongly advocate for tax cuts, arguing that reducing the tax burden on individuals and businesses will stimulate economic activity and improve affordability. They propose canceling planned tax increases, including payroll tax hikes and carbon tax increases, to provide immediate relief to Canadians.

NDP

  • Supports dental care, housing: The NDP initiated and supports the bill, to establish the principle of dental care in Canada and supports for Canadians struggling to pay rent and keep a roof over their heads.
  • Fights corporate greed: The NDP argues that rising inflation is being driven by corporate greed, with CEOs' salaries and corporate profits skyrocketing while workers' wages lag behind; they want to make CEOs pay their fair share.
  • Liberals too slow: The NDP feels the Liberals are too slow to act and are only acting now because they were forced to by the NDP, while the Conservatives would let people fend for themselves.
  • A step to universal care: The NDP views the bill as a down payment on a permanent national dental care plan, ultimately achieving Tommy Douglas's vision of universal health care including dental, eye, and mental health.

Bloc

  • Not true dental insurance: The Bloc argues that Bill C-31 does not establish dental insurance but provides a benefit that does not adequately cover dental needs and involves a cumbersome process through the CRA's My Account portal. It is seen as a benefits increase disguised as a dental program involving red tape.
  • Infringes on provincial jurisdiction: Members emphasize that healthcare, including dental care, falls under provincial jurisdiction, particularly in Quebec, where existing programs have been in place since 1974. The federal government is criticized for infringing on provincial jurisdiction rather than increasing health transfers, which would be a more effective solution.
  • Superficial solution to housing: The proposed $500 rental housing benefit is dismissed as a band-aid solution that does not address the root causes of the housing crisis. Members call for sustainable, predictable programs and increased investment in social housing, pointing to examples like Vienna where a significant portion of housing is social housing.
  • Bill is politically motivated: The Bloc believes the bill is more about politics and optics than addressing substantive issues. They suggest the Liberal government is prioritizing a deal with the NDP over collaboration with other parties and respecting provincial jurisdiction, and implementing effective measures.

Green

  • Support dental care: The Green Party supports the bill's interim dental care benefit as a first step towards including dental care in the public health care system. The party had proposed this in 2015 and recognizes dental care's importance to overall health.
  • Health care system crisis: The Green Party acknowledges a broader health care crisis, with constituents concerned about the lack of family doctors, emergency service cuts and ambulance availability. They argue the bill does not address these pressing issues adequately.
  • Housing a human right: The Green Party supports addressing the housing crisis by recognizing housing as a fundamental human right. They advocate for strategies that target the root causes of housing unaffordability, such as the commodification of homes and the influence of real estate investment trusts.
  • REITs and affordable housing: The Green Party criticizes the tax exemption for Real Estate Investment Trusts (REITs). They suggest taxing REITs at the regular corporate rate to generate revenue for affordable housing initiatives and counteract the commodification of housing.
Was this summary helpful and accurate?

Cost of Living Relief Act, No. 2Government Orders

October 18th, 2022 / 11:15 p.m.

Liberal

Bardish Chagger Liberal Waterloo, ON

Madam Speaker, the member's question clearly shows Canadians the approach of our government under the leadership of the Prime Minister and the approach of the official opposition.

When our government introduced legislation and lowered taxes on middle-class Canadians by increasing them on the wealthiest 1% of Canadians, the Conservatives vote against it. It is very clear who the Conservatives will continue advocating for. What I know is in my community people are looking for a safe and affordable place to call home. People are speaking to me about affordability and the crunch they are facing. People are trying to make ends meet.

We hear the Conservatives talk about it, but they do not want to propose any meaningful solutions. Today we have an opportunity to actually advance another solution. It is not the be-all and end-all, but it is another thing to help Canadians through very tough times. It is unfortunate the Conservatives cannot see that.

Cost of Living Relief Act, No. 2Government Orders

October 18th, 2022 / 11:15 p.m.

Bloc

Denis Trudel Bloc Longueuil—Saint-Hubert, QC

Madam Speaker, my colleague talked a lot about housing. She said that it is a challenge for her, that it is a problem in her riding, and that it is an important issue, and she is right about that.

Today, I was talking to someone who is very involved in the fight for new social housing in Quebec. This person is very involved with Quebeckers who are less fortunate and poorly housed. This person was pinning a lot of hope on the NDP-Liberal agreement. They thought that if the NDP had signed an agreement with the Liberals, then it must mean that something was going to be done about housing. They were expecting investments. When I told them about the $500 under the Canada housing benefit, they were devastated. They said that this was not the right thing to do and that new housing units need to be built. That is $500 being spent for nothing. Next year, we will have to start over. More housing needs to be built for the future. They were just devastated.

What does my colleague think about that?

Cost of Living Relief Act, No. 2Government Orders

October 18th, 2022 / 11:15 p.m.

Liberal

Bardish Chagger Liberal Waterloo, ON

Madam Speaker, it is interesting, because I think there are members within the opposition who are not understanding that this is another investment in Canadians. We have a $72-billion national housing strategy, which is actually building units in communities across the country.

Often, we hear the Bloc saying that housing should be delivered through the provinces, but it does not want to believe in partnerships. The federal government has actually re-entered the housing space. Part of why we were not able to be proactive with regard to the issues we are facing is that certain people do not believe we can do more and work better together.

The federal government will be a partner with provinces and territories. The federal government will work with regions and municipalities. The federal government will be there to support Canadians, because we believe that every Canadian deserves a safe and affordable place to call home.

Cost of Living Relief Act, No. 2Government Orders

October 18th, 2022 / 11:20 p.m.

NDP

Lori Idlout NDP Nunavut, NU

Uqaqtittiji, while the New Democrats welcome this benefit, more short- and long-term solutions are needed to address the housing crisis. I have a constituent in Whale Cove. He is the mayor, Percy Kabloona, who lives in a social housing unit that has not been renovated in five years. His house has split in half, and they use duct tape to keep the wind from coming in. I know that a lot more investments are needed.

Will the government invest in building sufficient units of social or co-op housing, with the necessary subsidies to meet the needs of those in core need?

Cost of Living Relief Act, No. 2Government Orders

October 18th, 2022 / 11:20 p.m.

Liberal

Bardish Chagger Liberal Waterloo, ON

Madam Speaker, the stories the hon. member is sharing, we are hearing. I will tell her that the federal government is committed to doing whatever it can.

Today, we are able to see this legislation advance because of a partnership between two partners, recognizing that outcomes matter and that we can work better together in this place.

I hope the member recognizes that the federal government is here to work with members of all parties, as long as we deliver better outcomes for Canadians. I will continue fighting for the constituents of the riding of Waterloo. I am confident that the member will—

Cost of Living Relief Act, No. 2Government Orders

October 18th, 2022 / 11:20 p.m.

The Assistant Deputy Speaker Carol Hughes

I am sorry. We are running out of time.

Resuming debate, the hon. member for Fort McMurray—Cold Lake.

Cost of Living Relief Act, No. 2Government Orders

October 18th, 2022 / 11:20 p.m.

Conservative

Laila Goodridge Conservative Fort McMurray—Cold Lake, AB

Madam Speaker, what we are here to talk about late into the evening tonight is a huge inflationary bill. It is a bill that is adding tons of government spending, and I have some serious concerns about it.

One of the spaces where I have some real concern is over the fact that the delivery of health care is the purview and the jurisdiction of provinces. I have heard, many times over, members opposite say that the federal government has a space here because it has the power of spending. That is absolutely accurate: The federal government has the power of spending, effectively, in any space it wants, but the question is whether this is the best way to be spending this money.

My space on this is a serious question, and I have not heard answers from the government. Instead of it being the member for Kingston and the Islands getting up and trying to do a “gotcha” question, I would love to hear answers, perhaps from the Minister of Health, as to what work happened with provincial and territorial governments to see what programs they had in place, so that we looked at best practices and took the best programs that existed in provinces and territories across the country and tried to build on those, rather than create an “Ottawa knows best” scheme. This is all this is.

This is not a dental program. This is not dental insurance. Members from the NDP keep saying that we are voting against this, and that members in the House have dental care. We actually have a dental insurance program, a private insurance program, like many Canadians have. We have a dental insurance program.

This is not a dental insurance program that the government is creating. That would be a dental program. What we would actually be getting is a convoluted program that would deliver money through a CRA application based on income, which would not take into account what I think are important factors, such as how many children are in the family. If we had consulted with provinces and territories, we might have found that provinces and territories take into account some of these things, whether it is a single-parent or a dual-parent family, or how many children there are in the family, some of these pieces. It is critically important.

Dental care does not cost the same in rural Alberta as it costs in downtown Toronto or in rural Nova Scotia. Dental care varies widely even in my own community. If I call dentists, trying to figure out the costs of a dental cleaning, it could vary widely, just in my own community. I think this highlights one of the issues with this program. It puts a lot of weight without actually having the program to support and make sure the children who need this the most are getting it.

We have heard many times over through these debates that 70% of kids across the country have access to some form of dental care through provincial programs that already exist. That means 30% of children do not have access. I am curious as to whether the government did any research to see exactly what that 30% of kids looks like, and how we could support that 30% rather than just make a program that is “one size fits all”, which is the easiest to deliver but does not necessarily put the resources where they are most needed.

Frankly, Canadians are struggling right now: they are struggling to pay their bills at the end of each month; they are struggling to be able to afford to live, and while this would help in the short term, it would not cover the dental costs for a lot of kids who are struggling right now. This might cover a piece or part of the program.

Have we looked into whether provincial governments that currently have programs in place might pull their programs back because the federal government would have this program in place, therefore costing the federal government even more in the long term? This is part of the problem of not working with the provinces and territories and fixing the health transfer.

We have seen all the territorial and provincial leaders sit down and come together to say they want to see higher health transfers. What we have not seen from the Liberal government is meaningful work to get to that solution, meaningful work to build a dental plan. This is a payment scheme at best. This is not actually a dental program.

This is what happens when the members of the NDP-Liberal coalition realize that they effectively have a gun or a guillotine held to their heads so that if they do not deliver on these promises by a certain date, we will be triggered into an election. They came up with a fast solution. I would argue that we need to not be looking at fast solutions. We need to be looking at the best solutions for Canadians. I do not believe that this gets there.

The fact is that this is an omnibus bill. It brings together dental and rental benefits. It is effectively two different departments with two different ministers, the Minister of Housing and the Minister of Health, but it is going to the health committee. This is a health bill, even though it talks about a rental benefit. I am not sure how a rental benefit and housing relate to the portfolio of health, but that was how it was decided. Those are some of the decisions that must be made with an omnibus bill, like which minister takes the lead.

I find it awfully rich. When the Conservatives were in power, the members opposite used to complain about the fact that there were omnibus bills and closure motions, yet the second the government came into power, it had no problem doing the exact same thing. It was a simple thing to complain as the opposition, but it was not an ideological space that they were in where they truly were in disagreement with us. They just did not like it being used against them.

I think it is sad that we are sitting here at 11:30 at night discussing a critically important bill that is going to add $10 billion of spending at a time when we already have out-of-control inflation. We already have people who are routinely going to food banks to provide food for their children. Not having healthy food has to be a contributing factor to kids' dental health.

I can only imagine that this is a serious problem, but this is something that the government could have worked on. It could have put actual effort in to create a real program, working with provinces and territories to see which jurisdictions do it best and which ones are doing it poorly. I know in my home province of Alberta we have a dental care program that covers kids up to 18, including certain kids up to 19 as long as they are still in high school. I know that the thresholds are a little bit lower, in terms of the income thresholds, but they do have some qualifications in there for when there are multiple children or if it is a single parent. It even goes as far as adding to the income for the threshold based on how many kids over four children meet the age. I think that is an important qualifier.

I am not here to say that Alberta's program is the be-all and end-all. In fact, I do not know what all the programs look like. I know that the member for Kingston and the Islands really has a problem with the Ontario program and does not think it is sufficient.

What I would love to see would be for the health committee to be tasked with studying what the dental programs are across the provinces and territories and where we could find the optimal solution. That is something that I think has been completely missed in this omnibus bill, this bill that has been set with such strict timelines that we might not even have a real opportunity to have witnesses at committee because of how soon the government is forcing us to go to clause-by-clause.

Frankly, that concerns me. I think that Canadians expect that important pieces of legislation with this level of spending would have extremely high diligence, expertise and hear from witnesses, but not by using stalling techniques or filibustering. Legitimately, we should have more than a few hours to hear from witnesses on a bill that adds $10 billion of spending. I think that is part of the issue. The government is so quick to ram it down our throats and then say that we are stalling the bill.

The actual fact is that I would love to work with all members of the House. I do not think I am speaking out of turn by saying that most members from the Conservative side would like to work with the government, but what we see is this costly coalition continuously ramming its way through Parliament and disrespecting the fact that it is a minority Parliament.

Cost of Living Relief Act, No. 2Government Orders

October 18th, 2022 / 11:30 p.m.

Kingston and the Islands Ontario

Liberal

Mark Gerretsen LiberalParliamentary Secretary to the Leader of the Government in the House of Commons (Senate)

Madam Speaker, this question has been asked of a number of Conservatives this evening, all of whom have conveniently sidestepped it. I would like to ask this member the same question that has been asked and see if she can provide an answer or if she will sidestep it as all the others have done.

Why are Conservatives completely content with members of Parliament receiving dental care—

Cost of Living Relief Act, No. 2Government Orders

October 18th, 2022 / 11:30 p.m.

Some hon. members

Oh, oh!

Cost of Living Relief Act, No. 2Government Orders

October 18th, 2022 / 11:30 p.m.

Liberal

Mark Gerretsen Liberal Kingston and the Islands, ON

They are heckling me. They are heckling me because they know where I am going with this. I would like to—

Cost of Living Relief Act, No. 2Government Orders

October 18th, 2022 / 11:30 p.m.

The Assistant Deputy Speaker Carol Hughes

Order. I know the hon. member for Fort McMurray—Cold Lake is able to answer this, as I have just heard her speech. I would ask members to hold on and allow the question to be asked so the hon. member can respond.

The hon. parliamentary secretary.

Cost of Living Relief Act, No. 2Government Orders

October 18th, 2022 / 11:30 p.m.

Liberal

Mark Gerretsen Liberal Kingston and the Islands, ON

Madam Speaker, Conservatives know where I am going with this, so they are heckling me to drown me out because they do not want to hear the question.

Cost of Living Relief Act, No. 2Government Orders

October 18th, 2022 / 11:30 p.m.

An hon member

Oh, oh!

Cost of Living Relief Act, No. 2Government Orders

October 18th, 2022 / 11:30 p.m.

Liberal

Mark Gerretsen Liberal Kingston and the Islands, ON

Madam Speaker, they are doing it again.

Why is it that members of Parliament should enjoy the luxury of having dental care, while they are not willing to extend the same luxury to some of the most vulnerable people in our communities?

Cost of Living Relief Act, No. 2Government Orders

October 18th, 2022 / 11:30 p.m.

Conservative

Laila Goodridge Conservative Fort McMurray—Cold Lake, AB

Madam Speaker, that is awfully rich coming from the member opposite, and if he had been here to listen to my speech, and intently listen, he would have heard that I addressed this in my remarks.

Frankly, what members of Parliament receive in terms of dental care is a dental insurance program. This is simply a spending scheme. It is not the same. Please do not misconstrue what this bill would do.