I'll be as brief as I can. It's been 20 years we've been working on UPOV 1991, but I'll try to do it in a few minutes.
UPOV 1991 is extremely important in Canada for our plant breeders and for our farmers. The majority of field crop farmers accept and acknowledge that it's extremely important. There are two reasons. One is that we need to create that kind of environment where our own private and public breeders can recover enough funds so that they can reinvest in plant breeding and research. The other is that over the last few years many countries that have traditionally sent varieties to Canada for us to test them and use them in Canada, for our farmers, are now refusing to do that because they can't protect their inventions the same way they can in other countries.
Most of the farmers, as I said, have acknowledged that.
The whole subject of paying twice is not quite correct. Under UPOV 1991, you have to first try to collect your royalty, if that's what you choose to do to exercise your right, on the propagating material. If you have not had the reasonable opportunity to do that, UPOV 1991 does allow for collection on the harvested product.