“The Vancouver model” is actually a term that a professor in Australia, John Langdale, an Asian crime expert, coined. He was in Australia looking at what was taking place between Vancouver and China, and he could actually see this relationship I described of money leaving China and people arriving here, of money avoiding currency controls in China and somehow getting out of China. In fact, what was happening through the underground bankers was that people were depositing money with an underground banker in China; then they would fly to Canada and be given a bag of cash. The bag of cash tended to be dirty money, money that was evading taxes or underground economy money.
He saw that from a distance and coined it “the Vancouver model”. His view was that the underground bankers at both ends were getting a cut, because anyone doing money laundering will take a percentage. This one organization is actually getting a percentage of the money leaving China and a percentage of the money being laundered here in Vancouver, so it's clipping the ticket at both ends.
That is what is referred to as the Vancouver model. I came upon that through open source material, and it ended up in my report.