I think the harassment and also the coercion for dissidents who return back to China have been a collaborative effort by both the public safety department or public safety bureau of China and the United Front organizations in Canada.
I'll cite you an example. One of the mainland Chinese dissidents I talked to has been under constant surveillance by CCP agents on Canadian soil. His family members have been shown photos of this dissident's family picture, and also showing him having dinner with his family in Toronto. He was totally shocked about this, because he thought he had come to a safe and free society. He didn't know that he was still under surveillance in Canada. He asked me why our government hasn't done anything to protect them from the Chinese Communist Party.
Actually, eventually, because he refused to self-censor, his brother got laid off. Then the parents of his wife, his in-laws, were put in jail. It shows the severity of this kind of coercion and also threats, intimidation and harassment of people in Canada.