I'm happy to jump in first, unless Ms. Greenwood would like to respond.
I think the way this would play out is that there would be both an immediate impact and a longer-term impact. The immediate impact comes down to the fact that at the moment, we have only 14 refineries in Canada that are capable of making gasoline. All together, five of those are impacted within either Line 5 or Line 9 in Quebec.
In that initial period where you've lost all that capacity from Line 5, where it's displaced, you're going to see costs increase for those refiners. You're going to see a lot of contingency plans and potential shortages and disruptions. All those things will disrupt the labour forces involved within that sphere of activity directly, and will probably have opportunity impacts as well.
Eventually, if we were in that sort of dire straits situation, a new supply chain would stabilize, but then you're going to see knock-on effects. You're going to find that the cost of fuel has gone up. The cost of jet fuel has gone up. The cost of heating homes in most of Quebec has gone up. All those things will have these knock-on impacts. It's sort of an initial disruption followed by what might be called a slow bleed.
The other thing I really want to put in context is that in some respects, as we are engaging in these policies to decarbonize and move forward, that has actually already put a lot of pressure on many of these different segments. For instance, our refiners right now are in the kind of world where they have to deal with massive disruption while they're also trying to plan to make significant upgrades to comply with the clean fuel standard. You're going to see a lot of capital required for all those steps.
If you take away that energy security at the critical moment, you're going to find that it carries impacts. You'll then find that those impacts also go throughout the entire value chain that Line 5 and Line 9 ultimately produce. That will be a long-term impact.