We need green infrastructure, in two words. We need behavioural change—two more words. We need to improve aging infrastructure. There's a host of issues around non-point source in how water is collected and transported across the landscape. Hard surfaces and other forms of development like parking lots and roofs and so forth don't allow stormwater to infiltrate into the ground. The water is conveyed very quickly, it picks up pollutants, and reaches receiving waters without treatment. We need to slow that water down, we need to hold it back and allow it to travel through the landscape more slowly and release or deposit some of those nutrients like phosphorus, for example, and E. coli and other materials before they reach receiving waters.
A large part of the changes that are going to need to be made are through the citizenry, through behavioural changes. I think that governments are in a good position to support people in communities to champion these efforts, because I think nothing sells them as well as peer-to-peer and neighbour-to-neighbour educational opportunities, and to incentivize people.