The minister recently announced the second phase of our light-duty vehicle regulations. The first phase, which is already in place, addresses vehicles up to the 2016-model year. We had previously published draft regulations for the next phase, which would go from 2017 and onwards. The final regulations for that second phase are what the Minister announced in New York. Those were published today in the Gazette. Those regulations are aligned with those of the United States, which for us is really important given the integration of the industry across the board. What they really do is drive the emissions from vehicles such that in 2025, we expect a passenger vehicle to emit half as many greenhouse gases as a 2008 vehicle. A 2008 vehicle represents a significant improvement over the last number of years.
It's really a dramatic improvement that puts Canada and the U.S. among the world leaders in vehicle emissions.
The other point I should make is that we do that by also reducing the amount of fuel these vehicles need to burn, which means less fuel that the consumer needs to buy. As a result, we expect significant savings to vehicle users such that the incremental cost of one of these vehicle purchases due to the regulations will, we expect, be recovered by the consumer in one to three years.