I think one way that it can be improved—and I haven't looked into this in depth—would be to ensure that fines that are being collected are related to a specific type of damage. Look at the model in the U.S.
For example, on the $196 million we're collecting from VW, is that money going into preventing the kind of pollution that VW caused? Is it going to ensuring reparations or addressing the kinds of pollution and impacts that certain communities faced from that particular violation or offence?
Specifically, when it comes to these fines that are really massive, like the $196 million, we could be making sure that money is going towards moving forward solutions in a significant way, like the electrification issue that Mr. Sharpe writes about.