I know Professor Sauvé very well. He's an eminent chemist. When we talk about characterization, identification or detection, that's his area of expertise, and he may be the best in the world.
We're involved in PFAS remediation, problem solving, treatment, concentration and destruction. These technologies are effective, especially since the concentrations are high. Our place in the chain is more at the source of PFAS than where they get out. The idea is to address PFAS at the source through efficient and cost-effective means of concentration, and in doing so, reduce the problem downstream.
Because of the dilution factor, remediation costs are through the roof, to put it mildly. In response to a recent call for tenders from the City of Saguenay, the specifications estimated that remediation of three drinking water wells would cost $11 million over five years. We're talking about $2 million per well per year. If you do the math, you'll see that's not a cost-effective solution. You can't invest $2 million per well every five years in all water wells across Canada.
Instead, we have to find the source of the contamination upstream, which is very easy to identify, and then remediate the site. In the case I just cited, the federal government recognized that the source, at least in part, is the Bagotville military base.