Thank you. It's a great question.
In short, they're indispensable. There's modelling from the Canadian Climate Institute, from the IEA, from the California EPA and from the California Air Resources Board. All of them tell us that we'll have a lot of internal combustion engines around, as I already mentioned. Fully 75% of the greenhouse gases that are emitted when you turn on a vehicle come from the crude oil in it. The only way to address those 75% of emissions is to switch to something that's non-fossil. That would be renewable natural gas, or a biofuel, or a synthetic fuel that's made from direct air capture.
With 75% of transportation emissions and significant internal combustion engine fleets, we can't have them running on fossil fuels. Even if those fossil fuels have slightly lower carbon emissions because of technology, you really have to be fuel switching, which is why electrification is so important in light-duty. In heavy-duty, it's more difficult. Shipping, aviation, rail and long-haul trucking are regarded as places where biofuels or synthetic fuels are going to be critical for decades.