To add to that, specialized AI is a tool. It can do only one thing. It remains in human hands.
General AI is much more of a problem-solving machine. We teach it to carve a path to a solution. An example, maybe, is that you would have an AI system that knows how to do certain scientific tests. It knows a lot about what might be useful for building a bioweapon, but it also has a totally different ability, which is to reflect on the fact that we don't want it to have this ability. If we're going to test it, it can tell it's being tested and hide this. For a normal piece of software, that doesn't happen. It's not trying to fool you or hide things from you. It's just a tool.
However, we've built these general systems—you might hear the term “agent” or “agency”—and we've taught them to be crafty and solve a wide range of issues, including, potentially, circumventing control.
