For exemptions that would now be introduced in the act and that are in the regulations, as I mentioned previously, a body of experience is developed by those federal departments and agencies. They assess these types of projects for a period of 14 years to demonstrate, based on their best experience, that the projects will not cause significant adverse effects.
At the end of the day, the purpose of the CEAA is to ensure the projects do not cause significant adverse effects. Based on their experience, it was demonstrated that these types of projects do not cause significant adverse effects.
It was independent from federal environmental assessments, because they're regulated by the provinces, the municipalities, and the federal government through all the other regulatory instruments you mentioned that remain in place in relation to them.