They're structural in nature. As members of the panel talked about here today, Canada's productivity performance has been very weak in the past 10 years: multi-factor productivity, negative; labour productivity, very weak growth in the past 10 years on an annual basis. We mentioned in that list as well aging demographics; it's structural in nature. The working-age population right now is growing at a little over 1% per year, and over the next 15 years it'll drop to less than half. That's going to have a huge impact on labour input in this country and potential output on revenues, even on spending pressures, as we get older.
Then there's the issue, sir, of fiscal imbalance. We say we have a small structural deficit in this country right now, about 1% declining to half a percentage point over the next five years. It's small in the sense of what we experienced in the late 1990s, early 1980s, which was upwards of five or six percentage points in terms of structural deficit; small compared to what other countries are experiencing right now. But structural deficit, as you look long term, will actually grow due to aging demographics.