We have to remember that there are smuggling routes in this region that have been there for several decades. The question is who is using them and controlling them at any given time. When Iraq was under sanction from the western world in the 1990s, those smuggling routes were being used by the Saddam Hussein regime.
So those smuggling routes into places such as Turkey have existed for many years. The question is, who benefits from them? Right now, to a great extent, it's Islamic State that is benefiting from those smuggling routes, moving the oil into the border region of southern Turkey. Also, there's plenty of evidence to show that there is an accommodation between the Assad regime and Islamic State when it comes to the sale of oil. So there are buyers of the oil in the region that Islamic State can tap in to.