There were increases, but the real value fell. The shift was toward more applied, more commercialized, and more directed research, so when we speak about the loss in research dollars for investigator-led discovery research, the loss of 35% that the Naylor commission reported, is a huge falling behind.
The other aspect is other countries are investing further and faster, and this is where the gap is going to grow. In 2005-06, we were third in the world in research intensity. We've slipped to seventh in the OECD, and now we're falling even further behind. In total research expenditures, we're now out of the top 30. That's unacceptable for Canada and for Canada's future.
I want to touch very quickly on the role of the arts and social sciences, because we believe in investing across the disciplines. The Naylor report indicated that the Social Sciences and Humanities Research Council has been disfavoured over the last decade and that investments there would be worthwhile. Let me just put it in the context of the nature of the problems we're facing in society: reconciliation, mass migration, rules of trade, and rules of international order. These are issues that we get at through studying the social sciences and arts.