It's certainly possible that it may affect investments in high carbon emission sectors. That is a potential consequence, and I would even say it is probable. When people have to pay a tax, this may encourage them to reduce their carbon emissions. It may also lead to lower investments in high carbon emission sectors.
The question is what will be done with the money that is collected, because this will encourage investments in other sectors. It's very difficult to analyze ahead of time.
As for me, I'd say that it will probably be a slight or neutral effect, but we will have to wait and see.
It is comparable to other factors that could affect the economy's potential; we can't really foresee them. We have to assess both sides of the coin and the situation eventually becomes clear.
In the final analysis, this will probably not have an effect on the economy, first because funds are being provided to absorb the costs to the economy.