I don't have anything exact. Historical experience certainly supports your main point, which is that deficits and government debt matter. These factors matter primarily to international investors' impressions of an economy, and their decisions tend to drive your currency around. We've had episodes in the past, in 1993, 1994, and 1995, where we had very rapidly rising federal debt and markets began to react negatively. There was nothing magic about the level, but it suddenly started to happen that way. No one, including me, thinks this is without limit. However, we don't have, really, measures of those things; we just see tendencies.
On October 24th, 2016. See this statement in context.