If I could interject here, you're absolutely right. There have been problems in all different types of projects, and there had been a problem with what they called optimism bias in the public sector, so it's not unique.
The concern with these large private sector deals is that you also don't have that transparency, and there are also more opportunities for self-dealing, as we saw with the McGill Hospital in Montreal. There was a lot of corruption and fraud. We don't have the transparency behind that.
In terms of the infrastructure gap, I've been involved with the FCM in terms of talking about that. Ben is right about that. I think that's why it's important to have some better national planning on this, and not just a value for money, but to try to figure out the cost benefit on these different projects in that way so it's not just driven by that, but also not driven by unsolicited bids. People will want a profit from those projects.
We have the example in Montreal of the REM, which was seen as a poster child for this, but there are real problems with it. It's not integrated because they figure they are going to make more money out of it with the existing system. People are going to have to pay more.
I am really concerned about increased user fees related to this. Some people think it's a positive thing, but I think you really need to look at what's happened in Ontario and elsewhere and see how those user fees have really hurt members of the middle class, increased their costs, and they are rebelling against it. It's a real warning down the road, and you should be concerned about it.