There are a couple of points there. One, I would not say industry supports protected areas. In fact, I just want to point out something from our recent press release on this. What I said was:
Industry has legitimate concerns about how conservation measures will affect them, and we designed this study to show how these concerns can be brought into the equation.
Some industries get it and want to participate in that, and others are resistant, for the reasons I just discussed.
Remember now, MPAs aren't the goal; they're the tool. And it's a mix of solutions that have to include protected areas based on all the recent evidence, including that science paper I referred to from Boris Worm. There's a positive message in that paper. One was that ecosystem services, the things we get from the ocean, particularly fisheries, are enhanced and increase with increasing biodiversity, and a mechanism to get there is through protected areas. What we're saying is that it's a tool. Our fisheries and our ecosystems are degraded, and we're not going to get there unless we put back some of those refuges and protect some of those key areas and ultimately benefit fishing and livelihoods.
Our goal is not to put fishermen out of work. Our goal is to have long-term sustainability in fisheries, preferably greater fisheries and greater stability in the fisheries, because there's a greater diversity of fish stocks from which to fish and less reliance on invertebrate species on which we're now reliant, especially on the Atlantic coast, because of the “fishing down the food web” effect where we've taken all the top predators out.
Will protected areas result in less fishing? There's no global answer for that. It's going to be a patchwork. It will depend upon the goals. That's the whole point of engaging the fishing industry, but you can only make those decisions around particular areas in a context of zoning. There is a range of tools out there. Protected areas is one tool. It's not about strictly putting fences up and keeping fishermen out. It's about protecting those conservation values that are necessary so that we can fish sustainably for the long term. That's the goal you have to keep in mind when you talk about protected areas, not putting up fences.