Well, not only with aquatics, but with our forestry sector and agricultural pests, you want to keep those things out as well. There are innovative ways to test to see whether or not we have problems. We do a lot of work with environmental DNA. As an organism swims through the water, it ends up excreting and some of its DNA gets left behind.
We have found it very cost-effective to be able to collect water samples. Once you have a DNA, a particular gene that you're targeting which is specific for that species, you just collect water samples and analyze that water for environmental DNA. In an ideal world, you can do this for a whole ensemble of invaders, all using different genes. Then you can map that onto what we call a gene chip, and using a single gene chip, you could simultaneously check your water for the presence of maybe 30 or 50 invaders all at once.
Now, there are going to be significant start-up costs to do that, but once that's been done, the costs drop to very, very low amounts per sample—perhaps $20 or $30 per sample. You can do screening of DNA, which is about four orders of magnitude more sensitive than using traditional methods, where we go out with a net, and you hope that if you have an invasive fish, like the fish we had in British Columbia a few years ago, it makes its presence known by swimming into your net or into a camera field or something like that.