If I may begin, at least, I looked at practices in several jurisdictions just this past year when we were sitting as the enhanced sustainability in aquaculture initiative. I can't say that there is a jurisdiction I would point to and say, “This is a model. This is being done well.” I think that is because this industry got out far ahead of any government's regulation of it. It was big and impactful before anyone understood what the impacts would be, so every jurisdiction has had to play catch-up with it in terms of trying to regulate it.
Some of the catch-up measures are working better than others. Norway stands out as a great example there, in that it has substantially curbed the growth of the industry in the water except if the industry can adhere to environmental standards, which means controlling the lice and controlling the spread of disease. These tenures in Norway are handled completely differently from the way we handle them here.
I'm not sure we can take a direct lesson from them, but certainly one of the things that stand out is that they charge an awful lot more for the right to use the ocean. This is something that we could employ as a technique to incentivize salmon farmers to stop using the ocean as a sewer and move into closed containment. This is something else that Norway is incentivizing: the development of new technologies, including land-based, closed containment.
Someone asked a question earlier, indicating that these developments were prohibitive, and I must say that they are not prohibitive. There are over 70 projects that have been announced worldwide in land-based, closed containment. It's expected that they will produce over one million tonnes of salmon within the coming decade.
There are several of them that are under way, under construction right now, and there are at least three that I am aware of that are in production right now, that are selling their fish already. These are not prohibitive. They are attracting billions of dollars of investment worldwide, and they could be attracted here as well because we have all the advantages that we require to develop a land-based salmon-farming industry.