That is a common concern, but there's not a scientific basis for a fear of a harmful residue from a vaccine. Vaccines, as a category, are not drugs. They are not pharmaceuticals.
All cattle are vaccinated routinely against common cattle diseases. Vaccinating cattle against E. coli 0157 simply stimulates the animal to produce its own immune defences against that strain of bacteria so that it won't live in them. There's no chemical residue in their bodies, and there's no harmful substance to be concerned about at the consumer level.