I mentioned those three models. If we talk about day-to-day management models, such as the St. Lawrence Seaway Management Corporation, those are two state organizations, one American the other Canadian, that have the mandate to manage the St. Lawrence Seaway, particularly the locks. There aren't any of those in the High North, but there are similar problems. We could have a two-headed or even binational organization that would be responsible for monitoring ice and providing assistance to navigation in the Northwest Passage. A number of authors are suggesting this approach. I find it riskier because the issue of where the border lies will inevitably come up again. In the St. Lawrence or Great Lakes, the Canada-U.S. border is clearly delineated. In the High North, however, it's not clear. So I'm cautious about that model.
I prefer the Permanent Joint Board on Defence, or PJBD, model where there are three Canadians and three Americans, who are selected based on their qualifications and expertise in the field. They conduct studies on very specific, concrete problems, and each one returns to his government to say what he suggests, working with the others, to solve the problems. In doing that, we advance, we move forward, we get to know each other and trust each other more. What was put in place with the PJBD, or the Permanent Joint Board, could be put in place in the High North relatively easily. That's the model that I would favour.