Thank you, and I'm happy to also share that with others on the panel, who I know work on these same types of questions.
I think you're absolutely putting your finger on a key issue. As Robert said, these are integrated concerns. One of the factors with climate change is obviously it is the world's most vulnerable people who are disproportionately feeling the impacts, and we know who those are. Women are obviously disproportionately vulnerable when they are poor, as women tend to be.
So it is absolutely right that as we see climate refugees, as we see the impacts of climate change in vulnerable countries and with vulnerable populations around the world, this is leading to a lack of progress or a stepping back on progress that had been made. So I think we do have to take a more holistic look at the issues that are before us.
When we talk about climate adaptation funding, there are a number of funds that are out there that provide very good alternatives that can help to deal with some of these vulnerability questions, that are looking in a very serious way at how to do good development and good climate adaptation at the same time, or sometimes good mitigation as well. Emission reductions are part of that adaptation and are part of development--so taking that broader view.
For example, we like to think of the adaptation fund that has been created under the Kyoto Protocol. It is being funded right now primarily by a levy on clean development mechanisms, so on the Kyoto Protocol market mechanism. There's a small levy being placed on that. So it has this new fund up and running, and we're seeing countries such as Spain making a contribution to that fund, and others are starting to do the same, such as Germany. And I would really encourage the Government of Canada to look to the adaptation fund as well, as a really good example of how to deal with these kinds of issues.
Similarly, there is the least-developed-countries fund, which was set up a long time ago, and Canada actually made the very first contribution to that fund back in 2001. That fund has done a lot of analysis as to what are the most urgent adaptation priorities in the least developed countries. A lot of that analysis happened, and now countries have not been able to go out and fund the plans they've developed.
So I think that's a really important gap that needs to be filled, and these are the kinds of holistic initiatives we're looking to for the summit.
I don't know if others want to comment on that.