Sir, I think sanctions need to be both punitive and pre-emptive: punitive for the steps that Putin and Russia have already engaged in, such as the invasion of Crimea and its annexation, but also pre-emptive to try to prevent further aggression on Russia's part, further meddling, further efforts to destabilize the situation in Ukraine. I would argue that both of those have to be part of the goal. Return to the status quo, as difficult and almost impossible as it may seem today, I think has to remain our goal.
Last, I would say that sanctions are as much psychological as they are anything else. I worked in the state department along with Kurt for a number of years, and I was involved in sanctions on Belarus. As long as Lukashenko knew that there were going to be more sanctions if he did not release political prisoners, he was more likely to at least release political prisoners. We did ratchet up sanctions against Lukashenko in Belarus. Russia is much more integrated than Belarus is, and therefore is much more vulnerable to sanctions. If people wonder if they're going to be next on the list, then it might influence their behaviour and actions.