I don't know if I could characterize the opinion of policy experts. It is congressional legislation that the executive branch is implementing. What's the purpose of it? Is it going to coerce the individuals? I'm not sure that we've seen that it has been particularly effective in coercing. It is serving the purpose of stigmatizing those individuals. I think that's important. It's sending a signal that the kind of activities they're pursuing are inconsistent with norms.
I would prefer to get back to you if you wouldn't mind. I know the listings and I know it's being implemented, but I haven't really looked into its effectiveness. The work we did looked at the implementation of UN sanctions in terms of impact and effectiveness. Again, it goes to the purpose. I think constraining can be very effective in signalling or stigmatizing individuals and I think those designations fall into that latter category.