Well, let me just supplement. I think it depends on what you want to achieve by these sanctions.
I was a regulator. I administered dual-use export controls for the United States and the Clinton administration. I was looking for what the violations were and what people were doing. I have to say that the vast majority of companies are trying to comply. They are not trying to avoid sanctions, but the sanctions themselves are very complicated.
I would commend to you the UN sanctions report on Syria, because it gives an example of how complicated it is and how many different standards and how many different rules apply in these different circumstances. Then you have national sanctions, U.S. sanctions, EU sanctions, and then UN sanctions, and all of the different standards that exist. They're complicated.
I think it's important in the context of legislation to also have differences between willful and inadvertent violations. If there are unintended violations, presumably you're not going to penalize the firm. There can be mitigating factors. I think you have to take into account now that because they are so complicated, you do have this de-risking effect. Companies are not just getting out of the business, which I think in and of itself is important, including for reasons of national economic health, but they're also getting out of the business of providing humanitarian assistance, and they're getting out of the business overall because the risk is too great.
I'm not sure that's ultimately achieving foreign policy objectives of Canada or the U.S. or a number of other countries. We have to manage those risks and help the private sector manage them, but doing that requires clarity of regulations and guidance by the government, and often those are not forthcoming.