Welcome back, everyone. We're now ready to proceed with our study on the granting of arms export permits with particular attention to Turkey, and with our second panel this afternoon.
For the guidance of our new witnesses, I encourage everyone to set their microphones to mute when they are not talking and to address their comments through the chair.
When you have 30 seconds left in your time for questions, I will signal you with a piece of paper. Interpretation is available using the globe icon on the bottom of your screen.
I would now like to welcome our witnesses.
They are Dr. Bessma Momani, professor at the University of Waterloo; Dr. Chris Kilford, writer on Turkish and Middle Eastern issues; and Dr. Christian Leuprecht, professor in the Department of Political Science at the Royal Military College of Canada.
Dr. Momani, we will ask you to lead off. The floor is yours for five minutes of opening remarks.