In all the countries I have examined, the people of those countries want peace. Parties, like the mercenaries and Wagner, that prey upon the local populations and that use war as a means to enrich themselves are the ones that are resistant to peace. The peacekeepers should be there for the protection of civilians. Every multi-dimensional mission of the UN since Canada passed the UN Security Council resolution—when we were last on the UN Security Council for the protection of civilians—has had a mandate for the protection of civilians. It's really important that the UN can be there to win hearts and minds.
However, to your second question, the tools are not there for the UN to do that work because there aren't enough countries willing to provide their men and women in uniform to take robust action, as we had promised with the quick reaction force, which was precisely for that. The Portuguese have done a wonderful job in the Central African Republic to protect civilians and to take on some of the preying gangs. We need other countries to follow that example and provide units that can do a good job.
There's a variety of tools to bring parties to the negotiating table. One of them is showing them that they're better off in a society that is under the rule of law, rather than in one in which they themselves can be victims of the chaos.