How should we act on the ground? I think it's hard to say that in one minute, but I think that if we use our two main tools better, they can be quite effective.
The Special Economic Measures Act allows us to list individuals and entities and impose a number of sanctions on them, including financial sanctions and so on. That can be quite effective if properly enforced, which is not the case at this point.
The other tool that the current government brought in about a year and a half ago, if I'm not mistaken, is the use of the Immigration and Refugee Protection Act, which allows us to bar from entry and impose a number of additional sanctions on a number of officials within the regime—i.e., not only the IRGC.
I think it's difficult to assess properly what the success of that has been so far, because there's very little publicly available data, but it is, to my mind, a tool that we can also use.
The other aspect of your question, which is around partners of Iran, I think is important. Hezbollah in particular has a number of financial networks that are involved not only here in Canada but also throughout the world, in parts of West Africa and South America. They are very extensive networks, and I do think that Canada can do more to counter these financial networks here.
Beyond the issue of these financial networks, one thing that Iran has done a lot in recent years, notably with the Houthis in Yemen, is to build an extensive global network of smuggling to send weapons parts—parts of missiles, parts of drones—to Yemen in particular, but also to Hezbollah, to Hamas. The U.S. is leading efforts to counter these networks, and I think that Canada could play a stronger role in the Red Sea, for example, to participate in multilateral efforts to counter these smuggling networks.
