Thank you to all the witnesses for being here.
I'd like to start off with Dr. Schmitt.
In terms of weaponizing energy, you mentioned that Russia has been doing that for years, well before this current conflict in Ukraine. Could you share what other conflicts Russia has done this in? Was it done during the wars in Chechnya from 1994 to 1996 and 1999 to 2009; in Georgia in 2008; the war in the Donbass in 2017; and in Syria in 2015?
Can you comment on that, please?