Yes, I'll be very quick. I'll take it from a public health stance.
Whether it's clean water, sanitation, or adequate housing, all of those are essential protective factors in reducing the risk of getting disease and then, if you do have disease, the severity of it. So I think the work of governments to continue to ameliorate those factors is key.
In the meantime, I have a very short story. When I was chief medical health officer in Saskatchewan, we had a new outbreak of hepatitis A coming in every 10 to 15 years. Basically all of the northern communities and many other aboriginal communities, or basically anybody by the time they were 15, would have had hepatitis A. Many would have died and many been hospitalized, etc. The problem was inadequate housing, clean water, and sanitation, which allowed that spread and effect of hepatitis A.
At that time, though, there was a new vaccine for hepatitis A. So I purchased the vaccine and worked with the first nations health and the band councils that delivered health services to ensure that it was delivered. Within three years, not only had we avoided the next outbreak of hepatitis A—which would have been a lot worse—but also, after that, the rate of hepatitis A in the aboriginal population in Saskatchewan fell below that of the non-aboriginal population.
So while we work on the long-term strategies, we also need to address as best we can the immediate term with what we have.