Okay.
The Alzheimer's example is a great one. The beta amyloid hypothesis has been tested by about 10 companies. Probably about $20 billion has gone into that hypothesis. All the companies did it in secret. We're still no wiser as to whether that hypothesis is true or not for Alzheimer's. It was a tragic waste of money. If one had imagined a different universe where we tested that hypothesis once or twice in the open, then 10 people wouldn't have had to spend $2 billion each and we would have come up with the answer transparently.
We are a small country, and what can a small country like Canada do? I would argue that we can change the behaviour and the incentives in the ecosystem. We are leaders in open science. Our organization, the Montreal Neurological Institute, has just gone open. They're not filing for patents. If we can get more and more people to follow, we'll use the existing global spend more efficiently.
There is not going to be a bag of money that everyone can get, so we're currently using the existing bag in a highly duplicative way. Everyone's doing the same experiment, nobody's sharing, and we're not learning. If we change the model, we'll get far more impact per dollar. That's my suggestion. They're looking for a leader to do that, and I think we can do it here in Canada.