A House of Commons tie...all right.
I wanted to just go back actually to what Mr. Simms was raising.
He raised the example of a candidate who had been opposed to official bilingualism and while he was doing his comments, I looked up the actual history on Wikipedia and the candidate was Leonard Jones, who was in 1974 nominated to the Progressive Conservative party. He was disallowed by Robert Stanfield. It says, “After Jones won the nomination, party leader Robert Stanfield refused to sign Jones' nomination papers, citing his opposition to the party's policy of bilingualism. Jones ran instead as an independent candidate, and won with 46 percent of the vote. He decided not to run for a second term.” That's the history there.
It raises a question that I'd intended to ask anyway. I was thinking of a different set of examples. I thought of the boll weevil Democrats in the United States who in the middle of the 20th century were opposed to their party's position on civil liberties. I thought of David Duke, who won his party's primary for, I can't remember now if it was for senator or governor for Louisiana. Ultimately he lost the election, but he did not reflect the Republican Party's views on civil rights, either. For those who don't remember, he was the former grand dragon of the Ku Klux Klan.
What I'm getting at here is, if you remove all limitations of who can run for party then I think you have to accept that you're adopting a version of the American primary system. You're going to get people who are fundamentally opposed to the views that a party holds and ultimately they may actually be people who are electable by the standards of their local constituents. I'm not sure whether that's good or bad, although none of the examples I said are terribly positive. But I throw it in your lap to see whether you think that's something our system is able to handle.