Welcome back.
Can everyone click on their screen in the top right-hand corner to ensure that they are on gallery view? With this view you should be able to see all participants in a grid view. For those of you who are just joining us, before speaking, please wait until you're recognized by name. When you are ready to speak, you can either click on the microphone icon to activate your mike or hold down the space bar of your computer while you are speaking. When you release the space bar, your mike will mute itself, just like a walkie-talkie.
I'll remind you that all comments should be addressed through the chair. Please speak slowly and clearly. When you are not speaking, your mike should be on mute. The use of a headset is strongly encouraged.
I would now like to welcome our second panel of witnesses. We would like to hear introductory statements, first from Cristine de Clercy, associate professor in the department of political science at Western University.