First, I'd like to start off by thanking the two witnesses for being here. It's really great to hear your testimony, and I appreciate the expertise that you bring to this study.
Dr. Turnbull, perhaps some of my questions will be aimed at you. Please, committee members, assume no affiliation between us. Despite the fact that we share the same Scottish clan name, we've never met.
Ms. Turnbull, in your opening remarks you talked about previous prorogations at different levels of government in Canada and throughout history. You cited a few examples, and it sounded like those were often controversial and most of the time criticized. Would you say that's the norm, that any time a government prorogues there are different perspectives on this and there's speculation about motives, as Mr. Cyr was talking about?