Evidence of meeting #20 for Procedure and House Affairs in the 45th Parliament, 1st session. (The original version is on Parliament’s site, as are the minutes.) The winning word was elections.

A recording is available from Parliament.

On the agenda

Members speaking

Before the committee

Gary Anandasangaree  Minister of Public Safety
Rogers  Director, Canadian Security Intelligence Service
Boudreau  Deputy Commissioner, Federal Policing, Royal Canadian Mounted Police
Geddes  Deputy Minister, Department of Public Safety and Emergency Preparedness
Perrault  Chief Electoral Officer, Office of the Chief Electoral Officer

11 a.m.

Liberal

The Chair Liberal Chris Bittle

I call this meeting to order.

Welcome to meeting number 20 of the House of Commons Standing Committee on Procedure and House Affairs. Pursuant to Standing Order 108(3), the committee is meeting on its study of foreign election interference.

Today's meeting is taking place in a hybrid format, pursuant to the Standing Orders. Members are attending in person in the room and have the opportunity to use the Zoom application.

Everyone, please consult the cards on the table. These measures are in place to help prevent audio and feedback incidents and to protect the health and safety of all participants, especially our interpreters.

I will remind you that all comments should be addressed through the chair. As always, raise your hand, whether you're here or on Zoom.

I would like to welcome today's first panel.

We have the Honourable Gary Anandasangaree, Minister of Public Safety. From the Canadian Security Intelligence Service, we have Daniel Rogers, director. From the Department of Public Safety and Emergency Preparedness, we have Tricia Geddes, deputy minister; and Sébastien Aubertin-Giguère, assistant deputy minister and national counter foreign interference coordinator. From the Royal Canadian Mounted Police, we have Jodie Boudreau, deputy commissioner, federal policing.

I'll turn it over to the minister for five minutes.

11 a.m.

Scarborough—Guildwood—Rouge Park Ontario

Liberal

Gary Anandasangaree LiberalMinister of Public Safety

Thank you, Mr. Chair.

Thank you to the committee for this invitation.

Let me acknowledge that we're gathered here on the traditional, unceded territory of the Anishinabe Algonquin people.

It is becoming abundantly clear that the world is becoming more dangerous and divided. The order that underpinned global prosperity for decades is undergoing a profound transformation driven by geopolitical realignment and technological change.

These changes mean the threat landscape Canada faces is rapidly evolving.

Our adversaries are actively seeking to exploit vulnerabilities in this shifting landscape. What is their goal? It's to undermine our society and advance their own interests.

Canadians expect their government to protect their democracy and uphold western democratic principles. That includes ensuring fair, transparent elections.

Our approach is working. The integrity of the most recent federal election was not compromised by foreign interference.

That was thanks to our comprehensive election security framework, including continuous intelligence monitoring and assessment of foreign interference threats throughout the election period.

Our government has taken steps to ensure that existing measures against foreign interference are effective and to take other measures where necessary. At the same time, it is critical that we maintain transparency and accountability.

Throughout the last election period, Public Safety Canada and Elections Canada, along with national security agencies—including CSIS, CSE and the RCMP—worked in constant coordination. That collaboration was critical in the successful defence of our democratic process in the last general election.

Our agencies worked to detect covert foreign interference activities, as well as to monitor foreign state actors that would seek to undermine public confidence in Canadian democracy. Additionally, for the first time during a federal election, the security and intelligence threats to elections task force provided weekly technical briefings to the media that helped sensitize and educate Canadians about the threats that could impact the election.

In short, our election infrastructure and systems were constantly protected.

And I’ll reiterate: Our safeguards functioned as designed, and the integrity of the federal election was not compromised.

In the event of a foreign interference threat, a non-partisan process called the critical election incident public protocol, established in 2019, is in place to inform Canadians. Even in non-election periods, our government and our national security partners remain steady. Our environment is constantly evolving. Threats have become more sophisticated, more covert and more persistent. We continue to examine our approach and seek improvements, striving for more efficient detection and greater transparency.

We have made significant progress. That includes advancing work to bring the Foreign Influence Transparency and Accountability Act into force. This act strengthens transparency regarding foreign influence activities, notably by naming Anton Boegman as the foreign influence transparency commissioner, who will oversee the upcoming foreign influence transparency registry. As you may be aware, Mr. Chair, I tabled on Tuesday the name of Mr. Boegman as the proposed commissioner for this registry.

The act also established an administrative monetary penalty regime to support enforcement and discourage violations. On January 2, proposed regulations to implement the act were published online for public consultations. Those consultations closed earlier this week. The proposed regulations identify the information to be collected and published about foreign influence activities, set out administrative monetary penalties of up to $1 million and establish how we will work with partners at all levels of government to uphold the act.

I want to reassure all Canadians and my honourable colleagues that the establishment of the registry remains a top priority. These are delicate and complex mechanisms that require deliberate and careful implementation. Equivalent systems in the Five Eyes took over two years to fully implement. We are very much on track. These key initiatives make foreign influence transparent and safeguard the integrity of Canadian democracy. The threat of foreign interference is complex. Standing up these measures is being done with both urgency and care.

It is only through robust, careful planning that we will continue to be able to detect and manage these threats. We're committed to continuing our work of strengthening democratic resilience during elections and at all times. This means remaining alert; adapting to new, rapidly evolving threats; and protecting Canadians.

Canada's democracy is strong and we will continue taking action to protect it.

Thank you. I look forward to your questions and comments.

The Chair Liberal Chris Bittle

Thank you, Minister.

I will now turn to Mr. Cooper for six minutes.

11:05 a.m.

Conservative

Michael Cooper Conservative St. Albert—Sturgeon River, AB

Thank you, Mr. Chair.

Thank you, Minister.

Minister, what country is the most active perpetrator of foreign interference targeting our elections and democratic institutions?

Gary Anandasangaree Liberal Scarborough—Guildwood—Rouge Park, ON

Mr. Cooper, I think that's a question best posed to the director of CSIS.

Daniel Rogers Director, Canadian Security Intelligence Service

Mr. Chair, through you, we've called out publicly in the past China, Russia, India and others.

11:05 a.m.

Conservative

Michael Cooper Conservative St. Albert—Sturgeon River, AB

Thank you for that.

I would note that NSICOP, in June 2024, identified the People's Republic of China as the biggest perpetrator of foreign interference, as did Justice Hogue, and CSIS as recently as July 2025.

Minister, in the face of that, we know the Beijing-based Communist regime has engaged in transnational repression and the targeting of members of Chinese diaspora communities in Canada. It is a regime that has surveilled, harassed and intimidated members of these communities, and in doing so it has shown no respect for Canada's sovereignty and has actively threatened the safety and security of Canadians.

Given all of that, how could the Prime Minister possibly have thought it was in Canada's interest to strike a deal to pursue co-operation with the Beijing dictatorship on matters of law enforcement?

Gary Anandasangaree Liberal Scarborough—Guildwood—Rouge Park, ON

The Prime Minister has outlined on a number of occasions, most recently and comprehensively in Davos, that we are living in times that are unprecedented and in which Canada needs to broaden its relationships. We are the closest partner to the United States. However, we know that the situation and the trading relationship—

11:05 a.m.

Conservative

Michael Cooper Conservative St. Albert—Sturgeon River, AB

Minister, is the PRC a rule-of-law state?

Gary Anandasangaree Liberal Scarborough—Guildwood—Rouge Park, ON

If you will give me the time, I will respond to your—

11:05 a.m.

Conservative

Michael Cooper Conservative St. Albert—Sturgeon River, AB

My time is very limited, so I'm asking you if the PRC is a rule-of-law state. Yes or no?

Gary Anandasangaree Liberal Scarborough—Guildwood—Rouge Park, ON

Mr. Cooper, to answer your previous question, the Prime Minister has clearly outlined the need for us to expand trade—

11:05 a.m.

Conservative

Michael Cooper Conservative St. Albert—Sturgeon River, AB

I'm asking you about—

Gary Anandasangaree Liberal Scarborough—Guildwood—Rouge Park, ON

—including with countries in which we are—

11:05 a.m.

Conservative

Michael Cooper Conservative St. Albert—Sturgeon River, AB

—pursuing co-operation in law enforcement. Is it a rule-of-law state? Answer yes or no.

Gary Anandasangaree Liberal Scarborough—Guildwood—Rouge Park, ON

Mr. Cooper—

11:05 a.m.

Conservative

Michael Cooper Conservative St. Albert—Sturgeon River, AB

Does it have an independent judiciary? Answer yes or no. These are straightforward questions. Answer yes or no.

Gary Anandasangaree Liberal Scarborough—Guildwood—Rouge Park, ON

Mr. Cooper, I'm not here as a foreign policy expert, nor as an expert on China—

11:05 a.m.

Conservative

Michael Cooper Conservative St. Albert—Sturgeon River, AB

Minister, it is obvious that Beijing is not a rule-of-law state. It doesn't have an independent judiciary. Does it have civilian oversight of the police in Beijing?

Gary Anandasangaree Liberal Scarborough—Guildwood—Rouge Park, ON

Mr. Cooper, to your—

11:10 a.m.

Conservative

Michael Cooper Conservative St. Albert—Sturgeon River, AB

Do they respect human rights? Does the Beijing-based Communist regime respect human rights? Answer yes or no.

Gary Anandasangaree Liberal Scarborough—Guildwood—Rouge Park, ON

Mr. Cooper, if you wish for me to answer the question—

11:10 a.m.

Conservative

Michael Cooper Conservative St. Albert—Sturgeon River, AB

Answer it.

Gary Anandasangaree Liberal Scarborough—Guildwood—Rouge Park, ON

—I will give you a proper answer.

As the Prime Minister clearly outlined at Davos and in many other speeches, there is a need for Canada to expand its trading partners. China is one of them. China is—

11:10 a.m.

Conservative

Michael Cooper Conservative St. Albert—Sturgeon River, AB

I didn't ask you a question about trading partners.